GLYCOLYSIS
Glycolysis is a fundamental metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose to produce energy. It occurs in the cytoplasm of cells and can function in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Here’s a brief overview: Steps in Glycolysis: Glucose Activation : Glucose is phosphorylated using ATP, forming glucose-6-phosphate. Isomerization : Glucose-6-phosphate is converted into fructose-6-phosphate. Second Phosphorylation : Fructose-6-phosphate is phosphorylated again, forming fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. Cleavage : Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is split into two three-carbon molecules: dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P). Energy Harvesting : G3P undergoes several transformations, resulting in the production of ATP and NADH. Final Products : The pathway ends with the production of two molecules of pyruvate, along with a net gain of 2 ATP and 2 NADH. SIGNIFICANCE: Location : Cytoplasm Net Gain : 2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvate per glucose molecule. Importa...