PG & Research Department of Biochemistry

 Plastic-eating microorganisms   Plastic-eating microorganisms are a promising area of research aimed at addressing the global plastic pollution crisis.  Types of Microorganisms : Bacteria : Certain species, such as Ideonella sakaiensis , can break down PET (polyethylene terephthalate), a common plastic used in bottles. Fungi : Some fungi, like Aspergillus and Penicillium , have also shown the ability to degrade plastics. Enzymes : Researchers are exploring enzymes produced by these microorganisms that can efficiently break down plastic polymers. Mechanism : These microorganisms secrete enzymes that can hydrolyze plastic polymers into smaller, more manageable compounds. These compounds can then be utilized as a carbon source for growth. Research and Applications : Scientists are studying and genetically engineering these microorganisms to enhance their plastic-degrading capabilities. This research could lead to bioremediation strategies for cleaning up plastic waste...

 COVID-19 various variants  COVID-19 has seen various variants since its emergence, with changes in transmissibility, severity, and vaccine effectiveness.  Key Variants Alpha (B.1.1.7) : First identified in the UK, it showed increased transmissibility. Beta (B.1.351) : Originated in South Africa and had mutations that raised concerns about vaccine efficacy. Gamma (P.1) : Detected in Brazil, it exhibited changes that could evade some immune responses. Delta (B.1.617.2) : First identified in India, it became dominant globally due to higher transmissibility and severity. Omicron (B.1.1.529) : Detected in late 2021, it had numerous mutations and caused a surge in cases worldwide, though often associated with milder illness compared to previous variants. Characteristics of Variants Transmissibility : Some variants spread more easily than others, contributing to increased case numbers. Severity : Variants may cause more severe disease, though many, especially Omicron, have been...