Biochemistry of Allergy and the Impact on Health
Biochemistry of Allergy and the Impact on Health Allergies are exaggerated immune responses to normally harmless substances (allergens). The biochemical pathways underlying allergies involve immune sensitization , IgE production , mast cell activation , and inflammatory mediator release . These reactions can range from mild symptoms to life-threatening anaphylaxis. Understanding the biochemical basis helps in better diagnosis, prevention, and therapeutic intervention. 1. What Is an Allergy? An allergy is a hypersensitivity reaction mediated predominantly by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) . When allergens such as pollen, dust mites, foods, or drugs enter the body, immune cells mistakenly identify them as threats and activate pathways involving: B cells T helper 2 (Th2) cells IgE antibodies Mast cells & basophils Histamine and other mediators 2. Sensitization Phase: How the Body First Develops an Allergy Step-by-step Biochemical Events Allergen Entry: ...