Molar solution preparation and normality solution preparation
Molar solution preparation and normality solution preparation Molar Solution (Molarity) Molarity (M) = moles of solute / liters of solution Preparation: 1. Calculate mass of solute needed: mass = molarity x molecular weight x volume (in liters) Weigh solute accurately. Dissolve in distilled water to desired volume. Mix well. Normality Solution (Normality) Normality (N) = number of equivalents of solute / liters of solution Preparation: 1. Calculate mass of solute needed: mass = normality x equivalent weight x volume (in liters) Weigh solute accurately. Dissolve in distilled water to desired volume. Mix well. Conversion between Molarity and Normality: - Molarity x valence = Normality - Normality / valence = Molarity Common Valences: - Acid-base reactions: 1 or 2 - Redox reactions: 1 or 2 - Precipitation reactions: 1 or 2 Preparation Examples: - 1M NaCl (sodium chloride): 58.44 g/L - 1N HCl (hydrochloric acid): 36.5 g/L - 0.5M CaCl2 (calcium chloride): 55.1 g/L Tip...