Molar solution preparation and normality solution preparation

 Molar solution preparation and normality solution preparation

Molar Solution (Molarity)


Molarity (M) = moles of solute / liters of solution

Preparation:


1. Calculate mass of solute needed:
mass = molarity x molecular weight x volume (in liters)

  1. Weigh solute accurately.
  2.  Dissolve in distilled water to desired volume.
  3.  Mix well.

Normality Solution (Normality)

Normality (N) = number of equivalents of solute / liters of solution

Preparation:

1. Calculate mass of solute needed:
mass = normality x equivalent weight x volume (in liters)
  1.  Weigh solute accurately.
  2. Dissolve in distilled water to desired volume.
  3. Mix well.
Conversion between Molarity and Normality:

- Molarity x valence = Normality
- Normality / valence = Molarity


Common Valences:

- Acid-base reactions: 1 or 2
- Redox reactions: 1 or 2
- Precipitation reactions: 1 or 2


Preparation Examples:

- 1M NaCl (sodium chloride): 58.44 g/L
- 1N HCl (hydrochloric acid): 36.5 g/L
- 0.5M CaCl2 (calcium chloride): 55.1 g/L


Tips:

- Use analytical balance for accurate weighing.
- Prepare solutions in well-ventilated areas.
- Label solutions clearly with concentration, date, and contents.

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