Breast cancer

  Breast cancer 

Breast cancer is a disease where cells in the breast tissue grow uncontrollably. It can occur in both men and women, though it’s much more common in women. Here are some key points about breast cancer:



Types:

  1. Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC): The most common type, starting in the milk ducts and spreading to surrounding tissue.
  2. Invasive Lobular Carcinoma (ILC): Begins in the lobules and can also spread.
  3. Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS): A non-invasive condition where abnormal cells are found in the ducts but haven't spread.
  4. Triple-negative Breast Cancer: Lacks three common receptors (estrogen, progesterone, and HER2) and can be more aggressive.

Risk Factors:

  • Gender: Women are at higher risk.
  • Age: Risk increases with age.
  • Family History: Genetics can play a role; BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations increase risk.
  • Lifestyle Factors: Obesity, alcohol consumption, and lack of physical activity can contribute.

Symptoms:

  • A lump or mass in the breast or underarm.
  • Changes in breast shape or size.
  • Skin changes, such as dimpling or redness.
  • Nipple discharge that isn’t breast milk.

Diagnosis:

  • Mammograms: Routine screenings help detect breast cancer early.
  • Ultrasound: Used to further evaluate suspicious areas.
  • Biopsy: The definitive way to diagnose cancer by examining tissue.

Treatment:

  • Surgery: Lumpectomy or mastectomy to remove tumors.
  • Radiation Therapy: Often used after surgery to eliminate remaining cancer cells.
  • Chemotherapy: Uses drugs to kill cancer cells; may be given before or after surgery.
  • Hormonal Therapy: For cancers sensitive to hormones, such as estrogen.
  • Targeted Therapy: Specifically targets cancer cells based on their characteristics.

Prevention:

  • Regular screenings and mammograms.
  • Healthy lifestyle choices (diet, exercise, avoiding alcohol).
  • Genetic testing for high-risk individuals.

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