Nucleic acid

 Nucleic acids



Nucleic acids are essential biomolecules found in all living organisms. They play a crucial role in storing, transmitting, and expressing genetic information.

Types of Nucleic Acids:

1. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)

2. RNA (Ribonucleic acid)

Structure of Nucleic Acids:

Nucleic acids are composed of:

1. Nitrogenous bases (Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine/Uracil)

2. Sugar molecules (Deoxyribose/Ribose)

3. Phosphate groups

Functions of Nucleic Acids:

1. DNA:

    - Stores genetic information

    - Transfers genetic traits to offspring

    - Provides instructions for protein synthesis

2. RNA:

    - Transfers genetic information from DNA to ribosomes

    - Participates in protein synthesis

    - Regulates gene expression

Types of RNA:

1. Messenger RNA (mRNA)

2. Transfer RNA (tRNA)

3. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

4. Small nuclear RNA (snRNA)

5. MicroRNA (miRNA)

Importance of Nucleic Acids:

1. Genetic inheritance

2. Protein synthesis

3. Cell regulation

4. Evolution

5. Biotechnology applications (genetic engineering, gene therapy)

Diseases related to Nucleic Acids:

1. Genetic disorders (e.g., sickle cell anemia)

2. Cancer

3. Viral infections (e.g., HIV, influenza)

4. Neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's, Parkinson's)


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