TYPES OF NANOPARTICLES

 TYPES OF NANOPARTICLES


Nanoparticles are tiny particles with dimensions in the nanometer range (1 to 100 nanometers). They possess unique properties that make them valuable in various fields, including medicine, electronics, and materials science. Here are the main types of nanoparticles:

1. Metallic Nanoparticles

  • Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs): Used in medical imaging, drug delivery, and cancer treatment due to their biocompatibility and ease of functionalization.
  • Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs): Known for their antimicrobial properties, commonly used in wound dressings and coatings.
  • Platinum Nanoparticles: Employed in catalysis and as drug delivery agents.

2. Oxide Nanoparticles

  • Titanium Dioxide (TiO₂) Nanoparticles: Used in sunscreen, photocatalysis, and as a white pigment.
  • Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanoparticles: Applied in cosmetics, sunscreens, and antimicrobial coatings.
  • Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Utilized in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and as drug delivery vehicles.

3. Polymeric Nanoparticles

  • Polymeric Micelles: Formed from amphiphilic block copolymers, used for drug delivery and encapsulation of hydrophobic drugs.
  • Nanoparticles from Natural Polymers: Such as chitosan and alginate, used for drug delivery and tissue engineering.

4. Ceramic Nanoparticles

  • Silica Nanoparticles: Used in drug delivery, diagnostics, and as carriers in various biomedical applications.
  • Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles: Employed in bone regeneration and dental applications.

5. Carbon-Based Nanoparticles

  • Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs): Known for their strength and electrical conductivity, used in electronics, materials science, and drug delivery.
  • Fullerenes: Spherical carbon molecules used in nanomedicine and drug delivery.
  • Graphene: A single layer of carbon atoms with exceptional strength and conductivity, explored in electronics and materials science.

6. Lipid-Based Nanoparticles

  • Liposomes: Spherical vesicles used for drug delivery, particularly in encapsulating hydrophilic drugs.
  • Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs): Used for controlled drug delivery and as carriers for lipophilic drugs.

7. Dendrimers

  • Highly branched, tree-like structures that can be precisely engineered for drug delivery, gene therapy, and diagnostic applications.

8. Composite Nanoparticles

  • These nanoparticles combine different materials to enhance specific properties, such as magnetic and optical features, often used in biomedical applications.
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