PG & Research Department of Biochemistry

Cancer Cancer is a large group of diseases with one thing in common: They happen when normal cells become cancerous cells that multiply and spread. Your  genes  send instructions to your cells — like when to start and stop growing, for example. Normal cells follow these instructions, but cancer cells ignore them. Cancer is the second most common cause of death in the U.S. But few people  are dying of cancer now than 20 years ago. Early detection and innovative treatments are curing cancer and helping people with cancer live longer. Types of cancer There are over 100 types of cancer. Healthcare providers categorize them according to where they start in your body and the type of tissue they affect. There are three broad cancer classifications: Solid cancers:  This is the most common type of cancer, making up about 80% to 90% of all cases. This includes  carcinoma t hat forms in epithelial tissue (like your skin, breast, colon and...

 Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition or a disease that affects the body’s ability to use the energy found in food. It is referred to as Diabetes. It is the condition where the pancreas gland does not generate enough insulin required by the body to regulate glucose metabolism. The two classes of Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus  – It is one of the Diabetes where the pancreases  fail s to produce enough insulin in the body. It is called insulin-dependent diabetes.  This process involves injecting insulin through the skin. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus  – Also called insulin-independent diabetes, this type of diabetes is a condition where the pancreas produces some insulin in the body. But the produced insulin is not sufficient as per the body’s requirements, and the cells are resistant to it. This condition is called Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Main symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus The common symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus are given belo...

  Biochemistry News In 2017 Biochemistry  is also known as biological chemistry. It is the study of chemical processes within the living organisms. In this article, we will explore all breakthroughs, innovations and Nobel prize winners in Biochemistry for the year 2017. 1. Moosy 32Enose – An Electronic Nose The first and most important biochemistry news in 2017 is  Moosy 32Enose . Researchers developed a technology that can help sniff disease, called the  Moosy 32eNose . This new device can help differentiate between patients with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. In the future, the electronic nose could be used to detect pancreatic cancer or to detect microbial contamination of water. 2. The Hybrid-SOEC System A team of scientists at the Ulsan National Institute of science and technology (UNIST) has developed a new system for efficient hydrogen production. This new technology called the Hybrid-SOEC system produces hydrogen in a highly efficient and cost-effect...

 Nucleic acids Nucleic acids are essential biomolecules found in all living organisms. They play a crucial role in storing, transmitting, and expressing genetic information. Types of Nucleic Acids: 1. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) 2. RNA (Ribonucleic acid) Structure of Nucleic Acids: Nucleic acids are composed of: 1. Nitrogenous bases (Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine/Uracil) 2. Sugar molecules (Deoxyribose/Ribose) 3. Phosphate groups Functions of Nucleic Acids: 1. DNA:     - Stores genetic information     - Transfers genetic traits to offspring     - Provides instructions for protein synthesis 2. RNA:     - Transfers genetic information from DNA to ribosomes     - Participates in protein synthesis     - Regulates gene expression Types of RNA: 1. Messenger RNA (mRNA) 2. Transfer RNA (tRNA) 3. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) 4. Small nuclear RNA (snRNA) 5. MicroRNA (miRNA) Importance of Nucleic Acids: 1. Genetic inheritance 2. Protei...

   Vitamins Vitamins are   organic substances that are essential for the body to function properly and stay healthy .   They are needed in small quantities and can be obtained from plant and animal foods, dietary supplements, or the body itself.   There are 13 essential vitamins, including: Vitamin A Vitamin C Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K Vitamin B1 (thiamine) Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) Vitamin B3 (niacin) Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) Pantothenic acid (B5) Biotin (B7) Vitamins can cause side effects, especially at high doses, including: Bad taste in your mouth, Stomach pain, Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea, and Constipation.   You should talk with a doctor before taking vitamins

  Biomolecules Biomolecules include both micromolecules, e.g. amino acids, nitrogenous bases, fatty acids, sugar, etc. and macromolecules, such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. Living organisms are made up of organic as well as inorganic substances. For analysing the organic constituents of living tissue, we mix it with CCl 3 COOH (Trichloroacetic acid) and make a slurry by grinding. We get two fractions: Acid soluble fraction- Organic micromolecules (biomolecules) (mol wt. 18-800 Da) and inorganic compounds, e.g. phosphate, sulphate, etc. It mostly accounts for the cytoplasm Acid insoluble fraction- Polymeric macromolecules (mol wt. >10 thousand Da) and also lipid (a component of the cell membrane and form water-insoluble vesicles on fragmentation) The inorganic constituents can be estimated by analysing the ash formed after burning a tissue completely. All the macromolecules are homo or heteropolymers of various simple compounds. Protein- Polymer of amino ...